Matsuyama, capital, Ehime ken (prefecture), northwestern Shikoku, Japan. It is a seaport that faces the Inland Sea and lies on the fertile Dōgo Plain.
Matsuyama is the largest city on Shikoku, covering an area of 80 square miles (207 square km). Its industries produce textiles, petrochemicals, paper, and machinery. The city is also a trade centre for local handicrafts (pottery, handweaving, and dolls) and the cultivation of mandarin oranges. Katsu Hill, rising in the city centre, is crowned by a 17th-century castle that now contains a military museum. Matsuyama was the headquarters of an important warrior clan during Japan’s feudal era (1185–1867). Many haiku poetry masters came from the area. To the northeast, Dōgo Spa is one of the oldest and largest hot-spring resorts established in Japan, housing public baths in a three-story facility. Pop. (2005) 514,937; (2010) 517,231.