Milan Cathedral, cathedral in Milan whose construction began in 1386 and took five centuries to complete. Final details on the facade were completed in 1965.
The original plan for a Gothic cathedral with a cruciform nave and transept in Milan was commissioned by Archbishop Antonio da Saluzzo in 1386 on an ancient Roman site—a location so central that all of the city’s main streets radiate from this spot. Its construction paved the way for the introduction of High Gothic into mainland Italy from across the Alps and northern Europe. Progress was sporadic for the next 500 years because of a lack of funds and ideas. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the church’s appearance is a contradiction in visual terms. It has an eastern apse that is French Gothic in flavor with a profusion of pinnacles, flying buttresses, and intricate tracery window panels; an octagonal Renaissance cupola; an 18th-century spire; and a Neoclassical facade with bronze doors installed in the 20th century. The roof bursts with spires, gargoyles, and marble statues and offers stunning views of the city. The building’s enormous dimensions—about 126,000 square feet (11,706 square meters)—make it one of the world’s largest Roman Catholic cathedrals.
Inside the vast interior, capable of holding 40,000 visitors, five great aisles stretch from the entrance to the altar. Enormous stone pillars dominate the nave, which is constructed of brick and encased in marble. The walls and niches house more statuary than any other building in the world—a staggering 3,159 images, 2,245 of which can be found on the exterior. The cathedral’s most famous effigy, the Madonnina (Little Madonna), rests on top of the tallest spire covered in 3,900 pieces of gold leaf. The cathedral also houses a nail said to have been used for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.