Moncalieri, hilltop town, Piemonte (Piedmont) region, northwestern Italy; it is a southern suburb of Turin city. The 15th-century castle, built by Princess Yolanda of Savoy, was a favourite residence of the king of Sardinia and Italy, Victor Emmanuel II; Victor Emmanuel I and Victor Amadeus III died in it. The building was converted into a military academy. Also notable are the 14th-century church of Sta. Maria della Scala and an astronomical and meteorological observatory founded by the Barnabite Order. A rail junction and commercial centre, Moncalieri’s industries include foundries and canneries. Pop. (2006 est.) mun., 55,983.