Montauban, town, Tarn-et-Garonne département, Occitanie région, southwestern France, located about 30 miles (50 km) by road north of Toulouse. Built at the confluence of the Tarn and its tributary the Tescou, the town has spread over a wide area. The early 14th-century Pont-Vieux still bridges the Tarn. Next to it on the right bank stands the 17th-century episcopal palace that, in the mid-19th century, became the Musée Ingres, housing 4,000 drawings and several paintings of the 18th–19th-century French painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, born at Montauban in 1780, as well as other contemporary works. The “Vow of Louis XIII,” by Ingres, hangs in the cathedral. The church of Saint-Jacques, a fortified church dating from the 14th and 15th centuries, dominates the town. Montauban, deriving its name from the Latin Mons Albanus, was founded by the counts of Toulouse in the 12th century and was a principal bastion of Protestantism in southwest France during the 16th and 17th centuries.
It is a commercial and administrative centre as well as an industrial town (electrical, aeronautical, and lighting equipment, furniture, and food processing, especially dairy goods). Montauban is also a distribution centre (with related transport and packaging industries) for the fruit and vegetable production of the surrounding region. Pop. (1999) 51,855; (2014 est.) 58,826.