Mossoró, city, northwestern Rio Grande do Norte estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It lies on the Apodi River, about 30 miles (50 km) from its mouth on the Atlantic coast, at 66 feet (20 metres) above sea level. Formerly known as Santa Luzia de Mossoró, it was given city status in 1870 and is now the state’s second largest community. Salt from evaporated seawater and clay are the most important products of the region, and cotton is widely cultivated. Textiles, carnauba wax, cement, and oil of oiticica are produced in Mossoró, which is accessible by railroad from Sousa (Paraíba state) and by highway from Natal, the state capital (200 miles [320 km] east-southeast), and other cities in Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará states. The Regional University of Rio Grande do Norte (1968) is located in Mossoró, which also has a modest football (soccer) stadium. Pop. (2010) 259,815.