Murcia, city, capital of Murcia provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southeastern Spain. It lies at the confluence of the Segura and Guadalentín (Sangonera) rivers in a fertile, irrigated area known as the huerta (orchard land). The site was settled before the Roman occupation of southern Spain in the 3rd century bc, but its name even during the Roman rule is unknown, although some have tentatively identified it with the Roman town Vergilia. As Mursīyah it was first mentioned in the histories and chronicles of the Muslims. According to the Arab geographer Yāqūt, it was founded in 825 by the Umayyad emir of Córdoba, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān II, who made it a provincial capital. After the fall of the caliphate of Córdoba in 1031, the city came under the control of Almería and then of Valencia, until 1063 when its ruler, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṭāhir, declared the kingdom of Murcia independent.
The Segura River divides the city into an older, northern sector and a more modern, southern sector. The 14th-century Gothic-style Cathedral of Santa María was restored in the 18th century. It contains the fine chapel of the Vélez family (1507). In the Hermitage of Jesus (Ermita de Jesús) are the majority of the Passion sculptures of Francisco Salzillo, which attract many visitors during Holy Week. The University of Murcia was founded in 1915.
Murcia is a communications and agricultural-trade centre for the surrounding areas along the Segura River. Flour is also processed. The city’s silk industry, which dates from Moorish times, still exists. Murcia’s manufactures include woolen, linen, and cotton goods; saltpetre; leather; aluminum products; furniture; and hats. Murcia’s main industries are metalworking, papermaking, and food processing. Pop. (2006 est.) 180,113.