Nagaon, city, central Assam state, northeastern India. It lies on the Kalang River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River to the north.
Nagaon is an agricultural trade centre and has several colleges affiliated with Gauhati University, a technical school, and a nursing school. There is a rail junction at Senchoa, 3 miles (5 km) to the southwest. The surrounding area encompasses a stretch of the Brahmaputra valley and contains many marshes and lakes, some of which are important fisheries. The encircling forests provide teak, sal, and lac timber. Agricultural products include rice, jute, tea, and silk. Pop. (2001) 108,786; (2011) 117,722.