Namangan, city and administrative centre of Namangan oblast (province), Uzbekistan, in the northern Fergana Valley. The first mention of the settlement dates from the end of the 15th century. By the mid-18th century, its many craftsmen made it one of the foremost cities in the Fergana Valley. In the same century, it became part of the khanate of Kokand and the centre of a political unit. Industry processing local agricultural raw materials, particularly cotton, began to develop after the Fergana Valley was annexed by Russia in 1876, and Namangan is now known for its food and other light industries. It is on the Fergana circular railway and has a teacher-training institute, a theatre, and a museum. Pop. (2007 est.) 446,237.