Nan Madol, archaeological site and abandoned city off the east coast of the island of Pohnpei in Micronesia. The “Venice of the Pacific” is a term often used to describe Nan Madol. This is an apt comparison, given that Nan Madol and Venice are both based upon a network of canals and waterways. However, unlike Venice, Nan Madol dates back only to the 1st or 2nd century CE. Furthermore, Nan Madol is built around a series of islets that were artificially constructed, whereas Venice was originally founded on natural formations. In further contrast to Venice, Nan Madol is no longer inhabited. There may be several reasons for this, but foremost may be that the islets’ elite occupants would have depended on their subjects to bring fresh water and food; when conditions changed and the supplies ceased, living there would be impossible. Today, Nan Madol, which covers 7 square miles (18 sq km), is a carefully preserved historic site.
Excavations have revealed artifacts dating back to the beginning of the Common Era, but the exact date of foundation remains uncertain. Construction began about the 8th century, but monuments at the site date to 1180–1200. Archaeological evidence has established that Nan Madol was an eminent political and religious centre, particularly under the Saudeleur dynasty,which began ruling Pohnpei about 1100. After that dynasty came to an end about 1500, a gradual decline began.
Perhaps the most remarkable part of Nan Madol is the mortuary sector, which is set across a complex network of 58 islets in the northeastern area, and the royal mortuary, in which a colossal tomb is surrounded by walls 16–26 feet (5–8 m) high. Nan Madol was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage site in 2016.