national monument, in the United States, any of numerous areas reserved by act of Congress or presidential proclamation for the protection of objects or places of historical, prehistoric, or scientific interest. They include natural physical features, remains of Indian cultures, and places of historical importance.
In 1906 President Theodore Roosevelt established the first national monument, Devils Tower in Wyoming (see ), under the American Antiquities Act passed earlier that year. Many more were added during the next few years. Their jurisdiction, originally assigned to several agencies, was unified in 1933 under the National Park Service in the Department of the Interior.