Neiva, city and capital of Huila departamento, south-central Colombia, on the upper Magdalena River. After unsuccessful attempts by Juan de Cabrera in 1539 and by Juan Alonso in 1550 to establish a permanent settlement, the city was officially founded in 1612, when Captain Diego de Ospina claimed it for the Spanish crown; he named it for the Neiva River in Haiti. Its citizens were active in the struggle for independence from Spain (1810–20) as well as in Colombia’s civil war (1899–1903). Neiva is primarily an agricultural centre for cotton, rice, corn (maize), and sesame, and it manufactures cotton goods and cement and processes marble. The city is the southern terminus of the Atlantic Railway that runs via Puerto Berrío to Santa Marta on the Caribbean Sea. The rural atmosphere of the city inspired the works of José Eustasio Rivera (1889–1928), the Colombian poet and novelist. Pop. (2007 est.) 305,345.