Neubrandenburg, city, Mecklenburg–West Pomerania Land (state), northeastern Germany. It lies near the northern end of Tollense Lake, where the Tollense River flows from the lake, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Stralsund. Founded in 1248 by the margraves of Brandenburg as a fortified outpost, it lay near the intersection of a trade route running between Schwerin and Güstrow and the road from Stralsund to Berlin. The town passed to Mecklenburg about 1300 and was the capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Stargard from 1352 to 1471. During those years it prospered, chiefly as a result of its weaving industry and its function as a market centre. Its fortunes declined thereafter, as it was plundered during the Thirty Years’ War, devastated by two great conflagrations (1679, 1737), and further battered by the Napoleonic wars. Neubrandenburg recovered somewhat in the second half of the 19th century.
Although its medieval fortifications are well-preserved, most of its medieval buildings were destroyed by bombing in World War II. Much rebuilt after 1952, Neubrandenburg has engineering, food-processing, chemical, wood, leather, and paper industries as well as the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Greifswald. Pop. (2003 est.) 69,157.