Nikopol, city, south-central Ukraine. It lies along the northern shore of the Kakhovka Reservoir on the Dnieper River and on the Zaporizhzhya–Kryvyy Rih railway. Founded as Nikitin Rog (Ukrainian: Mykytyn Rih) in the 1630s at a strategic crossing of the river, it was renamed Nikopol in 1782. It has been historically important as the centre of a large deposit of manganese, first mined there in 1886. Much of the extensive reserves has a high metal content. The city’s metallurgical industry has produced ferroalloys, steel tubes, cranes, and agricultural machinery; food processing and brewing also have been significant. A dam protects the lower part of the city from inundation by the reservoir. Pop. (2001) 136,280; (2005 est.) 131,774.