Ondangwa, settlement, northern Namibia, about 335 miles (540 km) north of Windhoek, the capital. In 1870, Onandjokue, near Ondangwa, was the site of the first Christian (Finnish Lutheran) mission in Owambo. The mission introduced Western health and educational institutions and trained the local populace in crafts such as bricklaying and carpentry. Martii Rautanen, an early missionary living in Ondangwa, created a system for writing a local Owambo language. Formerly the residence of the Owambo commissioner general (more recently relocated at Oshakati, 18 miles [29 km] to the northwest), Ondangwa remains an important transit point for Owambo contract workers going to or coming from the copper- and lead-mining town of Tsumeb, 170 miles (274 km) southeast. Pop. (2001) 8,870; (2011) 22,822.