Orangeburg, county, central South Carolina, U.S. The South Fork Edisto and Edisto rivers form the southwestern boundary, and the North Fork Edisto River flows through the southwestern part of the county. Lake Marion lies along the irregular northeastern end, with Santee State Park on the lakefront. Orangeburg county is a richly productive agricultural region lying in the Coastal Plain.
The region was inhabited by Algonquian-speaking Indians when Europeans began settling Carolina in the 1670s. Orangeburg township, named for William IV, prince of Orange, was among the original areas planned for settlement in South Carolina’s plan of 1731. The region’s loamy soils first attracted German and Swiss farmers as settlers; they were followed by Low Country plantation owners and their slaves. The county was established in 1785. During the American Civil War it was captured by Union forces led by Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in 1865.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries Orangeburg county was a major cotton-producing area. Subsequently it also became a leading producer of soybeans, corn (maize), vegetables, hogs, milk, and cattle. Much of the region is in lowland hardwood forests, and lumbering is important to the economy, as is manufacturing (lawn and garden equipment, foods, and textiles). The city of Orangeburg is the county seat. Area 1,106 square miles (2,865 square km). Pop. (2000) 91,511; (2010) 92,501.