Oregon, city, seat (1836) of Ogle county, northern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Rock River, about 95 miles (155 km) west of Chicago. Early inhabitants of the region included Potawatomi and Winnebago Indians. It was founded in 1833 by John Phelps, a sawmiller. Oregon’s economy is based largely on agriculture (corn [maize], soybeans, and livestock), with some manufacturing (chiefly farm machinery and road-building equipment). Printing and tourism also contribute to the local economy. Lowden State Park (immediately north) is the site of Eagle’s Nest Colony, a retreat used by Lorado Taft and other artists from 1898 to 1942; the 66-acre (27-hectare) tract was acquired in 1951 by Northern Illinois University for use as a field campus. Taft’s Soldiers Monument is in the courthouse square, and on the river bluffs within Lowden State Park stands his 50-foot (15-metre) Black Hawk statue (1911), commemorating the Native American. White Pines Forest State Park is to the west, and Castle Rock State Park and Lowden-Miller State Forest are to the south. Inc. town, 1843; city, 1869. Pop. (2000) 4,060; (2010) 3,721.