Oswiu (born 612—died Feb. 15, 670) was an Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria from 655 to 670.
Oswiu’s father, King Aethelfrith (d. 616), had ruled the two ancient Northumbrian kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira, but after the death of Oswiu’s brother, King Oswald, in 642, Northumbria was again divided, Oswiu assuming control of Bernicia. For 13 years he was subordinate to King Penda of Mercia. Finally, in 655 Penda invaded Bernicia and was killed by Oswiu’s forces in the Battle of the Winwaed near Leeds in modern West Yorkshire. Oswiu then reunited Northumbria and became overlord of southern England. He annexed northern Mercia but gave southern Mercia to Penda’s son Peada. Peada was murdered in 656, and a revolt by Mercian nobles in 657 brought an end to Oswiu’s rule in southern England. Oswiu was a staunch Christian who had been raised in the Celtic tradition, but his wife, Eanfled, had been educated in the traditions of the Roman church. In 663/664 Oswiu helped reconcile differences in modes of worship between the Celtic churches and the Roman Catholic church at the Synod of Whitby. He also founded a number of monasteries. Upon his death he was succeeded by his son Ecgfrith.