oxpecker
oxpecker, (genus Buphagus), either of the two bird species of the African genus Buphagus, of the family Buphagidae, formerly Sturnidae (order Passeriformes). Both species—the yellow-billed (B. africanus) and the red-billed (B. erythrorhynchus)—are brown, measure 20 cm (8 inches) long, and have wide bills, stiff tails, and sharp claws. They perch on and cling to cattle, zebras, rhinoceroses, and other ungulates to remove ticks, flies, and maggots from their hides; when alarmed, the birds hiss, alerting their mammal partners to possible danger. Some researchers once suggested that oxpeckers sought the animal blood that these insect pests collected rather than the pests themselves, which suggests that they were also parasites. However, oxpeckers actually prefer ungulates with high tick densities, which likely indicates more of a mutualistic association.