Arnold Palmer
Arnold Palmer (born September 10, 1929, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died September 25, 2016, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was an American golfer who used an unorthodox swing and an aggressive approach to become one of golf’s most successful and well-liked stars from the late 1950s through the mid-1960s. He was the first to win the Masters Tournament four times (1958, 1960, 1962, and 1964) and the first (in 1968) to earn $1 million in tournament prize money. During his professional career (1954–2006), he won 92 tournaments, 62 of which were on the Professional Golfers’ Association of America (PGA) Tour. As a leading figure in world golf, he attracted a vast following known as Arnie’s Army.
(Read Arnold Palmer’s Britannica entry on the Masters Tournament.)
Palmer, who grew up in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, won the Pennsylvania state high-school golf championship twice before attending Wake Forest University on a golf scholarship. After quitting school in 1950, he served in the U.S. Coast Guard. He returned to Wake Forest in 1954 but left again after winning the U.S. Amateur Championship. He earned his first professional victory at the 1955 Canadian Open. In 1958 he won his first Masters Tournament and placed first on the official earnings list for the PGA Tour. Two years later he emerged as a sports superstar, winning eight tournaments, often in dramatic fashion. At the Masters he birdied the last two holes to win by a single stroke, and at the U.S. Open he entered the final round in 15th place but birdied six of the first seven holes en route to victory.
Palmer’s success continued in 1961 as he recorded six victories, including a win at the British Open (Open Championship). In 1962 he prevailed in the first three-way playoff in Masters history to win his third championship at Augusta. That same year Palmer captured his second consecutive British Open—with a four-round total of 276, which was two strokes better than the tournament’s previous record. In 1964 he won his fourth Masters Tournament—with a four-round total of 276, the second lowest score in the Masters up to that time. He won four Vardon Trophies for lowest scoring average (1961, 1962, 1964, and 1967), and he was a member of six Ryder Cup teams (1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1971, and 1973). Palmer joined the Senior PGA Tour (later renamed the PGA Tour Champions) on its founding in 1980, and he retired from competitive golf in 2006.
An astute businessman, he served as president of the highly successful Arnold Palmer Enterprises and was national spokesman for several companies. Palmer also founded a golf-course-design company. He wrote a number of books, either autobiographical or concerned with the techniques of golf, including Play Great Golf: Mastering the Fundamentals of Your Game (1987), A Golfer’s Life (1999; cowritten with James Dodson), and Arnold Palmer: Memories, Stories, and Memorabilia from a Life on and off the Course (2004). Palmer was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004. He also wrote Britannica’s entry on the Masters Tournament.