parathion, an organic phosphorus compound well known as an insecticide that is extremely toxic to humans. The compound acts in mammals, as in insects, as a cholinesterase inhibitor (cholinesterase being the enzyme that controls the normal functioning of the nervous system), causing death by inducing respiratory failure. The specific antidote for poisoning by parathion and other organophosphorus insecticides is atropine. Parathion and similar insecticides must be handled with great care because the substance is toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Parathion may be rendered nontoxic by application of an alkaline solution.