plane, in carpentry, tool made in a wide variety of sizes, used for removing rough surfaces on wood and for reducing it to size. An iron-soled carpenter’s plane, found on the site of a Roman town, near Silchester, Hampshire, Eng., dates from before ad 400. Many European guild craftsmen of the Middle Ages worked with beautifully decorated metal planes. Planes today are mostly machine-made, of wood and steel. Plow, or grooving, planes are used for forming channels or grooves; a wide variety of special models are employed for running moldings.