E.J. Pratt (born Feb. 4, 1883, Western Bay, Nfd., Can.—died April 26, 1964, Toronto, Ont.) was the leading Canadian poet of his time.
The son of a Methodist clergyman, Pratt was trained for the ministry as a youth and taught and preached before enrolling at Victoria College in the University of Toronto (1907). He graduated in philosophy (1911) and took up the study of theology, in which he received a degree in 1916. His Studies in Pauline Eschatology (1917) was developed from his Ph.D. dissertation. Psychology was the next subject to occupy him; he was a psychologist on the staff of Victoria College until 1919, when he joined that school’s English department and taught until his retirement as professor emeritus in 1953.
Pratt’s earliest books of poetry, Rachel (privately printed 1917) and Newfoundland Verse (1923), drew on his early impressions, especially of the hardships and courage of the fishermen in their constant battle with the sea. Even when lyrical, the poems show an interest in and a distinctive command of the techniques of narrative, to which Pratt turned in The Witches’ Brew (1925) and The Titans (1926), the second of which is made up of two long poems, “The Cachalot” and “The Great Feud.” “The Cachalot,” an account of a whale hunt, is one of his most brilliant and widely read poems. All three are in octosyllabic couplets and show a lively humour and the free play of an exuberant imagination that marked Pratt as a strikingly original poet in a new genre. Pratt’s fascination with themes of shipwreck broadened and deepened in The Roosevelt and the Antinoe (1930) and The Titanic (1935), where a more sombre sense of the indifference of nature to human values prevails.
In Brébeuf and His Brethren (1940), Pratt reached the heights of his poetic career. In 12 books of blank verse, this chronicle records the martyrdom of Jesuit missionaries by the Iroquois Indians. Pratt’s publications of the World War II period reflect topical themes. These include: Dunkirk (1941), on the Allied evacuation from northern France in 1940; Still Life and Other Verse (1943), short poems; Collected Poems (1944); and They Are Returning (1945), on the end of the war. Behind the Log (1947) commemorates the heroism of the Canadian convoy fleet running supplies to Murmansk during World War II.
Pratt’s next work, Towards the Last Spike (1952), is a narrative of the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway (1870–85). His many awards included the highest civilian honour in Canada, the Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (1946).