Qatif, town and oasis, Al-Sharqiyyah (Eastern) region, northeastern Saudi Arabia. It lies along the Persian Gulf, over Qatif petroleum field. Its population is predominantly Shiʿi Muslim, a fact which has led to some friction between the local population and the puritanical Wahhābī state, especially given the region’s economic significance. While Qatif was a major trade port for agricultural products before the 1940s, the importance of its port has diminished in favour of the nearby oil port at Dammam. In addition to several oil wells, Qatif has oil-gas separator plants, pipelines, and large residential quarters for workers. A major irrigation project (completed 1964) transformed the oasis into one of the largest agricultural areas in Saudi Arabia, producing dates, alfalfa, rice, fruits, and vegetables. Pop. (2004) 97,405; (2010) 118,327.