Radom, city, Mazowieckie województwo (province), east-central Poland. It is a rail junction and an administrative and industrial centre; the economy of the city relies predominantly on textile milling, glassworks and chemical works, munitions and footwear manufacturing, and food processing. Radom has a museum, a theatre, and a school of engineering.
First mentioned in 1154 as a fortified settlement on the crossroads of two major trade routes, the town grew rapidly. It was walled and granted trading privileges in 1360 by King Casimir III (the Great). During the 15th century it became the seat of the diet (assembly) and the district council. It was seized by Austria in 1795, became a department capital under the Grand Duchy of Warsaw (1807–15), passed to Russian control, and was returned to Poland in 1918. Pop. (2011) 221,287.