Ragusa, city, southeastern Sicily, Italy. The city lies in the Hyblaei Hills above the gorge of the Irminio River, west of Syracuse. The old lower town of Ragusa Ibla (on the site of the ancient Hybla Heraea) is separated from the upper (modern) town by a declivity. Ragusa was the centre of an independent county from 1091 until it was united with that of Modica in 1296. The old town was destroyed by an earthquake of 1693, after which the new town was built to the west. The two were united in 1926. Ragusa’s handsome Baroque buildings include the cathedral (1706–60) and the Basilica of San Giorgio (1738–75). Some 15th-century fragments survive in the Church of Santa Maria delle Scale and the portal of San Giorgio Vecchio. There is a collection of paintings in the Donnafugata Palace. Ragusa is an episcopal see.
Already noted as an asphalt-mining centre, the Ragusa area also became a principal Italian oil-bearing zone by the 1970s. Cement and asphalt products are manufactured. The city is also an agricultural centre. Pop. (2006 est.) mun., 71,969.