Roman Elegies, cycle of 20 lyric poems by J.W. von Goethe, published in German in 1795 as “Römische Elegien” in Friedrich Schiller’s literary periodical Die Horen. The cycle received considerable hostile public criticism. One of the poems, “Elegy 13,” had been published in Die deutsche Monatsschrift in 1791.
Written in 1788–89, the poems were inspired by Goethe’s first visit to Italy in 1786–88. Called elegies because of their form (elegiac couplets) rather than their subject matter, the poems are works of unabashed sensuality. They are at once highly civilized and pagan, reflecting Goethe’s reveling in an intense physical, emotional, and aesthetic response to his surroundings. His love of the artistic heritage of Italy was combined with a newly awakened physical passion for Christiane Vulpius, his mistress and later his wife.