Baracoa, port city, eastern Cuba. It is situated on the extreme eastern part of the island, along a small semicircular bay on the north (Atlantic) coast. Baracoa is surrounded by rugged mountains, which isolated it from the rest of Cuba until a road was built through the mountains to connect it with Guantánamo in the 1960s.
In December 1492 Christopher Columbus stopped at what is now Baracoa. When the conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar colonized Cuba, he established the island’s first Spanish settlement at Baracoa in 1512. It was Cuba’s capital from 1518 to 1522.
Cacao, coconuts, and bananas are grown in the surrounding area and are exported from the port. The city’s industries manufacture chocolate and coconut oil. Pop. (2002) 39,190; (2011 est.) 39,500.