Saumur, town, Maine-et-Loire département, Pays de la Loire région, western France, on the Loire River. It is known for its cavalry school and for its wines.
The town, dominated by the château of the dukes of Anjou, is located on rising ground between the Loire River and its tributary the Thouet, 2 miles (3 km) above their confluence. It also occupies an island in the Loire and has spread to the right bank of the river. The castle, an imposing 14th-century fortress with four round towers, was strengthened with ramparts in the 16th century. It now houses a museum devoted to horses and riding. Saumur also has a museum of decorative arts. The National Riding School, which occupies vast 19th-century quarters in the west of the town, has retained the Cadre Noir, the military horseback riding instructors who first brought recognition to the cavalry school. Old churches include the austere Romanesque Notre-Dame-de-Nantilly, with notable 15th–17th-century tapestries. Cellars where Saumur wines are produced may be visited in the surrounding countryside.
The town grew up around a monastery and fort, built in the 10th century by the counts of Blois. In the 12th century it passed into the possession of the French crown. It became a Huguenot stronghold after the Reformation, and a renowned Protestant academy was established there. In 1685, however, the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, depriving French Protestants of their religious and civil liberties, led to massive emigration and to the closing of the academy. The town was damaged in 1940 during World War II, when the cavalry school made a heroic three-day stand against superior German forces.
The town’s industries include the processing of the traditional agricultural products of the region (wines, mushrooms, and vegetables), aluminum fabrication, and plastics manufacture. Saumur is also an administrative and service centre. Pop. (1999) 29,857; (2014 est.) 27,301.