Ségou, town, south-central Mali, western Africa. It extends for more than 4 miles (6 km) along the right bank of the Niger River. A historic town, it was the first capital of the Bambara kingdom, which flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1861 the kingdom collapsed when the leader of the Tukulor jihad (holy war), al-Hājj ʿUmar, seized Ségou. Ségou is in a densely populated region and has always been an important trading centre. A textile factory at Ségou, built by the Chinese, has proved to be one of Mali’s most successful industrial undertakings. Ségou is the headquarters of the Office du Niger, an extensive irrigation system begun in 1932. The region in which Ségou is situated is important agriculturally because of the efforts of the Office du Niger. Irrigated rice cultivation in the region has been expanded, and other crops include cotton, sugar, millet, peanuts (groundnuts), cassava, and beans. Livestock raising is also important. Pop. (1998) 105,305; (2009) 130,690.