Seoni, city, southeastern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated on an upland plateau just south of the Satpura Range.
Seoni was founded in 1774. The city is now an important road and rail junction and is the chief commercial centre of the east-central Satpura Range area. Cloth weaving, sawmilling, oil milling, and the manufacture of shellac and lac bangles are important industries. Seoni has a hospital and several colleges affiliated with the University of Sagar. Grains, cotton, and oilseeds are the chief crops grown in the surrounding area, a large portion of which is forested, yielding teak, bamboo, lac, and myrobalan fruit. Pop. (2001) 89,801; (2011) 102,343.