Barrackpore, city, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies just east of the Hugli (Hooghly) River and is part of the Kolkata (Calcutta) urban agglomeration, lying 15 miles (24 km) north of Kolkata. The name Barrackpore is probably derived from there having been troops stationed there—in barracks—since 1772. In 1824 sepoy (Indian) troops stationed in Barrackpore refused to participate in a mission during the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26). In response, most of them were imprisoned or killed by the British military, an incident that became known as the Barrackpore Mutiny. It was also in Barrackpore that the mutinous actions of Mangal Pandey, a sepoy private, in March 1857 came to be regarded as the first event in a growing series of violent acts that culminated two months later in the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny at Meerut (now in Uttar Pradesh).
The city was constituted a municipality in 1869, but its area was curtailed by the separation of Titagarh municipality in 1895 and Panihati municipality in 1900. Major industries include jute and rice milling, sawmilling, and hosiery manufacture. Barrackpore has a racecourse, an airfield for freight traffic, a government agricultural institute, and several colleges affiliated with the University of Calcutta. Barrackpore Park contains the former suburban residence of the British viceroy of India. The city is also the site of Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute, the oldest organization of its kind in the country. Pop. (2001) 144,391; (2011) 152,783.