Shire
Shire, draft horse breed native to the middle section of England. The breed descended from the English “great horse,” which carried men in full battle armour that often weighed as much as 400 pounds. Shires were improved as draft and farm animals in the latter part of the 18th century by breeding mares from Holland to English stallions. In 1853 the first Shire was imported to the United States, but the breed never became popular there and was primarily bred to upgrade smaller farm horses.
Shire stallions average slightly more than 17 hands (68 inches, or 173 centimetres) in height and weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (about 900 kilograms). Generally massive and somewhat coarse in build, they are characterized by considerable hair, called feather, on their legs and are usually bay, brown, black, gray, or chestnut. In 1878 the Shire Horse Society was established in England; the American Shire Horse Association was founded in 1885.
See the Table of Selected Breeds of Heavy Horses for further information.
| name | origin | height (hands)* | aptitude | characteristics | comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *1 hand = 4 inches (10.16 cm). | ||||||
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Belgian, also called Brabant | Belgium | 15.3–17 | heavy draft, farm work | broad and powerful; small, square head; short, heavy neck with sloping shoulders; short back with well-rounded, massive hindquarters; the American Belgian being typically chestnut and sorrel with a flaxen mane and tail | ancient breed; matures quickly; long-lived |
 |
Clydesdale | Scotland | 16.1–18 | heavy draft, farm work | lighter build than most heavy breeds; fine head with long, well-arched neck; withers higher than croup; lower legs are heavily feathered | noted for the soundness of its legs and feet; noted for high-stepping gait |
 |
Percheron | France | 16 | draft, farm work | typically gray or black in colour; fine head with broad forehead; wide chest with prominent breastbone; no feathering on legs | ancient breed; heavily influenced by Arabian breed; long and low action distinguishing it from other heavy breeds |
 |
Shire | England | 17 (sometimes reaching 19) | heavy draft, farm work | convex profile; relatively long neck; long, sloping shoulders; short back with sloping croup; legs heavily feathered below the knee | world's largest horse; descended from England's "great horse," the massive charger used in medieval jousting tournaments |