Soissons, town, Aisne département, Hauts-de-France région, northern France. The town is situated along the Aisne River in a rich agricultural valley surrounded by wooded hills.
Soissons derives its name from the Suessiones, a Gaulish tribe that made the town its capital in the 1st century bce. A garrison town under the Romans, it was evangelized and became a bishopric in the 3rd century. Clovis, the Frankish king, seized the town in 486 ce, and it became the capital of his descendants, the kings of Neustria (the west part of the Frankish kingdom). The last king of the Merovingian dynasty, Childeric III, was deposed there in 752; and Pippin III the Short, his successor, was crowned in Saint-Médard abbey. Battles fought near Soissons in the 10th century led ultimately to the accession of Hugh Capet to the French crown (987). Under the Capetian dynasty (ruled 987–1328), the town was held by the hereditary counts of Soissons. It suffered in the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) and also in the Wars of Religion in the later 16th century. During most of World War I it was just behind the Franco-British lines and was heavily bombarded before being captured by the Germans in May 1918. It was recaptured in August of the same year.
Although Soissons was severely damaged during World War I and to a lesser extent in World War II, most of the old buildings for which it is famous have been restored. The facade of the 12th–13th-century Gothic cathedral of Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais was modified in the 18th century, but the choir still has fine 13th- and 14th-century stained-glass windows. The abbey of Saint-Jean-des-Vignes (founded 11th century) was one of the richest in medieval France. The great abbatial church was largely destroyed under Napoleon I, but the magnificent facade (13th–16th century) was spared. Its two unequal towers, surmounted by stone spires (the higher is more than 230 feet [70 metres]), can be seen from afar, dominating the city. Other parts of the abbey still standing include remains of two cloisters and a 13th-century refectory. The remaining buildings of Saint-Léger abbey and its 13th-century church house a museum with collections of paintings and sculpture. The buildings include vestiges from Saint-Médard (founded c. 560), one of the most important medieval French abbeys; only a 9th-century crypt remains.
Soissons is a market town for produce from the surrounding area, and there are several food-processing plants. Other industries include metalworking, engineering, and the manufacture of electronics. Pop. (1999) 29,453; (2014 est.) 28,290.