Sam Spiegel
Sam Spiegel (born November 11, 1903, Jaroslau, Austria-Hungary [now Jarosław, Poland]—died December 31, 1985, Saint-Martin, Lesser Antilles) was an Austrian-born American motion-picture producer who was known as a titan of Hollywood. He was unaffiliated with any major studio and had a reputation as an irascible perfectionist. Three of his movies received an Academy Award for best picture.
Spiegel studied at the University of Vienna and worked as a Young Pioneer in Palestine in the early 1920s. In 1927 he went to Hollywood to work as a story translator, and in 1930 he was sent by Universal Pictures to head that studio’s European headquarters in Berlin. He fled Germany after the Nazis came to power in 1933 and lived in Vienna before settling in Hollywood in 1939. He gained a reputation for lavish parties featuring Hollywood royalty, and he soon became a producer. Among his earlier projects, on which he billed himself as S.P. Eagle, were Tales of Manhattan (1942) and Orson Welles’s The Stranger (1946).
Spiegel entered a period of spectacular success with his production of John Huston’s The African Queen (1951). He followed that with Elia Kazan’s On the Waterfront (1954), for which he won his first Academy Award. He earned a second Oscar for David Lean’s The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), and Joseph L. Mankiewicz’s Suddenly, Last Summer (1959) was also a hit. For Lean’s Lawrence of Arabia (1962) Spiegel garnered a third Oscar. His next few movies were less well received, but the lavish Nicholas and Alexandra (1971) was nominated for a best-picture Oscar. He worked with Kazan for a second time on The Last Tycoon (1976), based on an unfinished novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The last film Spiegel produced was a motion-picture version of Harold Pinter’s play Betrayal (1983).
Most of Spiegel’s films were expensive large-scale productions that utilized some of the leading actors, screenwriters, and directors of the day. The classic films The African Queen, The Bridge on the River Kwai, and Lawrence of Arabia were largely shot on location in jungles and deserts, often under difficult conditions. In addition to the Oscars for best picture, Spiegel was given the 1963 Irving Thalberg Memorial Award for his body of work.