spring balance, weighing device that utilizes the relation between the applied load and the deformation of a spring. This relationship is usually linear; i.e., if the load is doubled, the deformation is doubled. In the circular balance shown in the , the upper ends of the helical springs are attached to the casing and the lower ends to a crossbar that can move relative to the casing and to which the load hook is attached. The pinion to which the indicating pointer is attached is pivoted in the casing and meshes with the rack, which is pivotally connected to the crossbar and is pressed into contact with the pinion by the rack spring.
When a load is applied, the springs are stretched, and movement of the crossbar with the rack attached rotates the pinion and the load-indicating pointer. The dial is graduated in scale units that depend on the stiffness of the springs: the stiffer springs have larger scale units and higher load capacity.
Spring balances are widely used commercially. Those with high-load capacities are frequently suspended from crane hooks and are known as crane scales. Smaller units for household use are called fish scales.