Batticaloa, town, eastern Sri Lanka. Lying on an island off the eastern coast, it is linked to the mainland by causeway, bridge, and ferry and by road and railway connections. Batticaloa is the trading centre for rice and coconuts from nearby plantations and for other agricultural products. It was captured by the Portuguese in 1622, by the Dutch in 1638, and by the British in 1796. The region has been a centre of Tamil separatist activity, and during the 1980s the town was held by Tamil rebels until it was retaken in 1991 by government troops. In December 2004 a large tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake near Indonesia struck Batticaloa, causing widespread death and destruction. Ruined Portuguese and Dutch forts remain from the colonial period. Pop. (2001) 80,313; (2012) 86,227.