Gustav Bauer (born January 6, 1870, Darkehmen, East Prussia [now Ozersk, Russia]—died September 16, 1944, Berlin, Germany) was a German statesman, chancellor of the Weimar Republic (1919–20).
As an office worker in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), Bauer in 1895 founded the Office Employees Association, over which he presided until 1908. Entrusted with the leadership of the Central Workers’ Secretariat of the Free Trade Unions in Berlin (1903), he subsequently served as second chairman of the General Commission of Trade Unions for all of Germany (1908–18). As a Social Democrat member of the Reichstag, he was appointed secretary of the new Labour Ministry in the last imperial cabinet under Prince Max of Baden (October 1918), and later, under the Weimar constitution, he served as minister of labour in the government of Philipp Scheidemann (February–June 1919). He was raised to the chancellorship after the resignation of Scheidemann (June 1919) and was charged with the thankless task of securing ratification of what the Germans called “the peace of unjustice”—the Treaty of Versailles. Resigning the chancellorship shortly after an abortive antigovernment coup (the Kapp Putsch of March 1920) during which the cabinet, with the exception of the vice-chancellor, had left Berlin, he was subsequently retained in the governments of Hermann Müller and Joseph Wirth as minister of the treasury and vice-chancellor.