Suwon, city and provincial capital, Gyeonggi do (province), northwestern South Korea. Since the late 14th century it has been a satellite town of Seoul, 26 miles (42 km) to the north, to which it is connected by rail and highway. The provincial government moved from Seoul to Suwon in 1967.
Formerly a market center for local agricultural products, Suwon has become a center for technological research and development and the manufacture of electronics. Seoul National University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the government’s Office of Agriculture have several research institutes there. The University of Suwon (1982) and Ajou University (1973) are located in the city. Suwon has many historical remains, most of them dating from the 18th century. The most notable is Hwaesong, a fortification built by King Jeongjo in 1796 that formerly enclosed all of Suwon before the city’s expansion beyond its walls. The fortress was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1997. The annual Hwaesong Cultural Festival (October) includes a reenactment of King Jeongjo’s memorial processions from the fortress to his father’s grave nearby. Pop. (2020) 1,210,150.