Takayama, city, Gifu ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Miya River. It contains many old buildings and temples, including the Kokubun Temple (1588), and it was a castle town during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). Takayama is a centre of the Hida Mountains region. The city is also a tourist base for Chūbu-sangaku National Park to the east. Local industries produce lacquer ware and woodenware. Pop. (2005) 96,231; (2010) 92,747.