tempura

tempura, cooking technique of Japanese origin that involves dipping fish, shellfish, meat, or vegetables in a light flour batter and then deep-frying the food.

Tempura is popular in Japan and in Japanese restaurants around the world, but the frying technique was very probably borrowed from Portuguese merchants, tempero being the Portuguese word for “seasoning.” The dish first appeared in the 16th century in the port city of Nagasaki but later became a specialty of Edo, what is now Tokyo.

The most popular food items for preparation as tempura are shrimp or prawn (ebi), squid (ika), lotus root (renkon), asparagus (asuparagasu), pumpkin (kabocha), eel (unagi), and fish-paste cake (chikuwa). Tempura is typically eaten with tentsuyu, a light fish-based sauce. In Ōsaka, tempura is served atop rice with warm green tea poured over it, a dish called ochazuke. Without the tea, the dish is called tendon, combining tempura and donburi (“porcelain bowl”). Throughout Japan, tempura is also eaten with wheat (udon) or buckwheat (soba) noodles, which are often served cold (zara udon or zara soba) in the hot months of summer.

The batter used in tempura is traditionally made of wheat flour, egg, and water, and it is much lighter than batter made of breadcrumbs (panko). It has no particular flavour unless a bit of salt is added, the purpose being to allow the food inside the coating to dominate each bite. Because the tempura technique calls for deep-frying, oils with a high smoke point, such as canola, are preferred. Tempura can be adapted to a vegan diet if the batter contains no egg and if the food fried is vegetarian. However, nutritionists observe that frying in oil means that any food cooked as tempura will be high in fat content.