Terpander (flourished c. 647 bc, Lesbos, Asia Minor [Greece]) was a Greek poet and musician of the Aegean island of Lesbos.
Terpander was proverbially famous as a singer to the accompaniment of the kithara, a seven-stringed instrument resembling a lyre, which he was said to have invented, and from the name of which the word “guitar” derives. He was also credited with important developments in music for that instrument and is said to have won a prize for music at the 26th Olympiad held in Sparta (676/672).