travesty, in literature, the treatment of a noble and dignified subject in an inappropriately trivial manner. Travesty is a crude form of burlesque in which the original subject matter is changed little but is transformed into something ridiculous through incongruous language and style. An early example of travesty is the humorous treatment of the Pyramus and Thisbe legend in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595–96). After 1660, travesty became a popular literary device in England as seen in John Phillips’s Don Quixote (1687), a vulgar mockery of the original work, and Charles Cotton’s travesty of Virgil, Scarronides: or, Virgile Travestie. Being the First Book of Virgil’s Aeneis in English, Burlesque (1664), an imitation of the French Virgile travesty (1648–53) by Paul Scarron. (The use of the word travesty—literally, “dressed in disguise”—in the title of Scarron’s work gave rise to the English word, first as an adjective.) Later the French developed the féeries folies, a musical burlesque that travestied fairy tales.