Zigong, city, southeastern Sichuan sheng (province), southwestern China. It is situated on the Fuxi River, a tributary of the Tuo River, about 40 miles (65 km) north of Yibin.
Zigong’s prosperity long depended on its salt industry, and deep drilling for brine has been practiced in the area for centuries. Exploitation of the brine began as early as the Dong (Eastern) Han dynasty (25–220 ce). During the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties, salt from the area supplied Sichuan’s needs, and by the time of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) production had increased so much that salt was also being shipped to some neighbouring provinces. In 1939 Ziliujing and Gongjing, the two major salt-producing districts in the area, were merged to form the city of Zigong, which took its name from the combination of the first characters in the names of the two districts.
Since then, important deposits of petroleum and natural gas have also been discovered and exploited. Natural gas had already been in use since early times as a fuel to evaporate brine. Zigong’s salt production has become the basis of a large and varied chemical industry, producing potassium chloride, bromine, iodine, barium salts, and other products; fertilizers are another important by-product. Zigong salt is used extensively by the chemical works at nearby Leshan (west). Zigong also has engineering works and industries producing textiles, electronics, and metallurgical products, and processed agricultural products have been developed as well. The Zigong area is connected by rail to Chengdu, the provincial capital (northwest), and the Chongqing metropolis (east) at Neijiang, just to the northeast. Highways and expressways extend to surrounding cities such as Leshan, Yibing, and Luzhou.
The city has a museum dedicated to the history of the region’s salt production, but it has become famous for its Zigong Dinosaur Museum, just to the northeast at Dashanpu. The museum is built over the site where large numbers of dinosaur fossils of all kinds have been unearthed, and it has an exhibition space displaying the extensive collection of fossils found there. Zigong’s annual lantern festival is another popular tourist attraction. Pop. (2002 est.) city, 485,962; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 1,105,000.