Vlissingen, gemeente (municipality), southwestern Netherlands. It is situated on the southern coast of Walcheren, at the mouth of the Western Schelde (Scheldt) estuary.
A medieval trading town with emphasis on herring fishing, its importance lay in its position controlling the approach to Antwerp. Fortified by Charles V, it was the first town to rebel against Spanish rule in 1572 and became the headquarters of the insurgents’ navy (the Sea Beggars). It was held by England from 1585 to 1616 as a “security town” under an agreement to assist the Dutch. It was turned into a naval base by Napoleon during the French occupation (1795–1814). A period of prosperity after the independence of the Netherlands was followed in the 19th century by a decline from which Vlissingen did not recover until the establishment of a shipbuilding yard in 1875. The town was heavily damaged in 1944, when Walcheren and other islands were flooded by the British army in World War II to clear the way to Antwerp, and Vlissingen was damaged by natural floods in 1953.
Since rebuilt, Vlissingen is now an important commercial port, fishing harbour, and seaside resort and also a naval base. Industries include shipbuilding, engineering, oil refining, and the manufacture of machinery. Historic landmarks include the Church of St. James (1308; rebuilt after a fire in 1911), the Prisoners’ Tower (1563), the old exchange (1672), the town hall (1733), and part of an old city gate. The municipal museum has a collection relating to Admiral Michiel Adriaanzoon de Ruyter, a native of Vlissingen. Pop. (2007 est.) 45,023.