Al-Zaqāzīq, city and capital of Al-Sharqiyyah muḥāfaẓah (governorate), Egypt, on the Nile River delta north-northeast of Cairo. The city dates from the 1820s, when cotton cultivation spread to the eastern delta, and is thought by some to have been named after a local family. The city expanded rapidly and later replaced Bilbays as the capital of the governorate. By the 1870s the presence of a number of foreign merchants, many invested in the economically important cotton industry, had led to conflict with the city’s inhabitants. As a result, residents of the city were supportive of the revolt led by ʿUrābī Pasha, himself from the region, in the early 1880s.
Al-Zaqāzīq is located at the junction of two irrigation canals (Al-Suways al-Ḥulwah [Sweetwater] Canal and Al-Muways Canal) and is about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of mounds marking the site of the 4th-dynasty (c. 2575–c. 2465 bce) city of Bubastis. An important road and railway junction, the city is a major cotton and grain market. Zaqāzīq University (founded 1974) is also located in the city. Pop. (2006) 302,840.