Marie-Claire Blais (born October 5, 1939, Quebec, Quebec, Canada—died November 30, 2021, Key West, Florida, U.S.) was a French-Canadian novelist and poet, known for reporting the bleak inner reality of characters born without hope, their empty lives often played out against a featureless, unnamed landscape.
In two early dreamlike novels, La Belle Bête (1959; Mad Shadows) and Tête blanche (1960), Blais staked out her territory—working-class people doomed to unrelieved sorrow and oppression. She moved her characters into a recognizably Canadian world in the novels Une Saison dans la vie d’Emmanuel (1965; A Season in the Life of Emmanuel); Manuscrits de Pauline Archange (1968) and Vivre! Vivre! (1969), published together in English as The Manuscripts of Pauline Archange in 1970; Un Joualonais sa Joualonie (1973; St. Lawrence Blues); and Le Sourd dans la ville (1979; Deaf to the City). She also published collections of poetry and several plays. In her work, inner and outer desolation pursue her social outcasts, exiles, prostitutes, homosexuals, and, especially, mothers and children through loveless relationships. Without pity or passion, Blais re-created a harsh milieu of grinding poverty, peopled with victims tied by ignorance to low concerns. Blais studied at Laval University, Quebec, and was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.