Bridgetown
Bridgetown, capital and port of the island-state of Barbados, in the West Indies, southeastern Caribbean Sea. It is on the southwestern end of the island, on the wide curve of Carlisle Bay. A built-up coastal strip stretches for several miles on each side of the town.
The town, which was founded in 1628 and was originally called Indian Bridge, provoked considerable criticism from early visitors because of its location by a noxious swamp and its unplanned development. The name St. Michael’s Town came into favor about 1660 and remained in use into the 19th century. Much of the town was destroyed repeatedly by fires, and in 1854 a cholera epidemic killed some 20,000 people.
Today Bridgetown is a crowded and picturesque mixture of old and new. St. Michael’s Anglican Cathedral was built of coral rock, largely from the proceeds of a lottery to replace a building destroyed in a hurricane of 1780. The General’s House in Queen’s Park, northeast of the cathedral, is now used as a theater and an art gallery. Northwest of the cathedral is Kensington Oval, a historic cricket ground (1871; original structure demolished and rebuilt 2005–07) that has hosted international matches since 1895, including the International Cricket Council World Cup final in 2007.
Independence Arch frames the view from Bay Street to National Heroes Square, formerly Trafalgar Square, where a statue of English Adm. Horatio Nelson has stood since 1813. On one side of the square are the 19th-century Public Buildings (with a prominent clock tower), which house the parliament. Also in the square is the Cenotaph, a war memorial commemorating Barbadians who gave their lives in World Wars I and II. An extensive boardwalk skirts the Careenage, a narrow basin of the sea, and provides excellent views of the Pierhead, the traditional heart of Bridgetown’s shipping district. Independence Square, located across the Careenage from National Heroes Square, is dominated by a statue of the first prime minister, Errol Barrow, and also contains an amphitheater and public gardens. The now-canalized Constitution River flows into the Careenage. The Careenage has an obsolete dry dock and wharves and provides sheltered anchorage for game-fishing vessels and other pleasure craft. The deepwater harbor has berths for container ships and cruise liners and facilities for the bulk shipment of sugar. A large passenger terminal was opened in the 1990s. Nearby is a shallow-draft facility used by yachts and coastal cruise craft, as well as a boat park.
As the administrative center of Barbados, Bridgetown houses most of the government departments and ministries. It is also the commercial center for wholesale and retail commerce and trade. Stores, restaurants, banks, and other services cluster on Broad Street, which runs parallel to the Careenage.
Government House, the home of the governor-general, is east of the town center and dates from the early 18th century. Large modern ministerial buildings, including the prime minister’s office, are located opposite the Esplanade along the shore of Carlisle Bay. South of town is the Garrison Savannah, once the parade ground for British troops stationed in Bridgetown and now used for horse races and other sporting events. The Barbados Defence Force occupies the Drill Hall, the barracks, and surrounding buildings; the Barbados Museum has been housed since 1933 in the former military prison. Queen Elizabeth Hospital is located southeast of the Careenage. Other notable sites are the police headquarters, the Law Courts, and the main branch of the National Library Service, which are neighbors along Coleridge Street. Nearby is one of the oldest synagogues in the Americas (built in 1654, destroyed by a hurricane in 1831, and rebuilt in 1833).
Bridgetown has grown far beyond the original town site and is now a conurbation, with ribbon development stretching out for miles inland and along the south and west coasts. Businesses have shifted to out-of-town malls and business clusters, notable among which is the Warrens area. Planned-housing developments are increasingly the norm. The skyline is dominated by the Central Bank, Treasury Building, and National Insurance Building. The port activity and a growing tourist trade, together with offshore banking and other financial services, constitute Bridgetown’s economic mainstays. Pop. (2004 est.) 99,100.