broad bean

broad bean, (Vicia faba), species of legume (family Fabaceae) widely cultivated for its edible seeds. The broad bean is the principal bean of Europe, though it is generally less well known in the United States. As with other vetches, broad beans are frequently planted as cover crops and green manures, as they add nitrogen to the soil by means of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The plant is also used as livestock and poultry fodder, where it is sometimes called field, or tick, bean.

The plant is erect, from 60 to 150 cm tall (2 to 5 feet), and bears few branches. The stem and branches are crowded with short-petioled compound leaves. The pods are nearly erect in clusters in the axils of the leaves, and the seeds are large and irregularly flattened. The broad bean will not tolerate hot weather; it is grown in summer only in the cool parts of the temperate zone and during the winter in the warmer parts. Unlike many other beans, it tolerates slight freezing.

As with other beans, broad beans are rich in protein and provide moderate amounts of iron, thiamin, and riboflavin. Ingestion of broad beans can cause acute hemolytic anemia in people with favism, a genetic disorder.