How do fungi obtain nutrition?

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Saprotrophic fungi obtain their food from dead organic material and are ecologically useful decomposers.
Parasitic fungi feed on living organisms (usually plants), thus causing disease.
To feed, both types of fungi secrete digestive enzymes into the nutritive surface on which they are growing. The enzymes break down carbohydrates and proteins, which are then absorbed through the walls of the hyphae.
Some parasitic fungi also produce special absorptive organs called haustoria, to penetrate deeper into the living tissues of the host.