There are six groups of Earth science topics. One includes disciplines examining water and air at or above Earth’s surface, while another studies the makeup of the solid Earth. A third group considers landforms, and another examines Earth’s history. A fifth group considers Earth science’s beneficial practical applications—whether related to energy use and construction or guarding against natural hazards—whereas a sixth, made up of astrogeology and similar disciplines, studies celestial bodies’ rock record.
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